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Terms/Concepts/Theories/Arguments You Should Know:
- Functionalism
- Multiple Realizability
- Mind and Computer analogy
- Turing’s Imitation Game
- Arguments for the possibility of Artificial Intelligence
- Objections to Turing’s Argument
- The Chinese Room
- Weak Artificial Intelligence vs. Strong Artificial Intelligence
- Objections to the Chinese Room
- Non-Human Animal Minds, arguments for the existence of cognition in other species
- Anthropomorphism, Anthropocentrism
- Problems with studying animal minds, skepticism about cognition in other species
- Epistemology
- Rationalism
- Empiricism
- a priori vs. a posteriori knowledge
- inductive vs. deductive reasoning
- Molyneux’s Problem
- Descartes’ Foundationalism and Rationalism
- Locke’s Tabula Rasa, arguments against innate knowledge
- Berkeley’s Subjective Idealism
- Hume’s Empiricism
- Hume’s Missing Shade of Blue
- Hume’s Fork
- Kant’s Transcendental Idealism
- Synthetic a priori judgments
- Ethics, Morality
- Relativism and Absolutism
- Egoism vs. Altruism
- Ring of Gyges
- Aristotle’s Virtue Ethics, the Virtues, Eudaimonia, Continence/Incontinence/Temperance
- The Golden Mean
- Divine Command Theory, problems with it, Euthyphro’s Dilemma
- Natural Law Theory, Aquinas, etc.
- Corvino’s
attack on Natural Law Theory, why homosexuality is impossible to define
as unnatural (5 different ways to define unnatural, why each fails) - Kant’s Deontology, Categorical Imperative, different versions of it
- Objections to Kant’s Ethics, Conflicting Duties, Unsolvable Dilemmas
- Bentham’s Hedonistic Calculus vs. Mill’s Utilitarianism
- Objections to Utilitarianism
- Ethics based on care, feminism
